Bipolar Support Groups.com blog

I release all negative energy holding me back

I am healing

I am going to be okay

I survived this before I’ll survive now

This discomfort is temporary

I am doing the best I can and that is enough.

If I can change my thoughts I can change anything.

I am going to make it through this.

I am proud of myself.

I choose to breathe and let go.

Abstract

Background

Impaired working memory is a core cognitive deficit in both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Its study might yield crucial insights into the underpinnings of both disorders on the cognitive and neurophysiological level. Visual working memory capacity is a particularly promising construct for such translational studies. However, it has not yet been investigated across the full spectrum of both disorders. The aim of our study was to compare the degree of reductions of visual working memory capacity in patients with bipolar disorder (PBD) and patients with schizophrenia (PSZ) using a paradigm well established in cognitive neuroscience.

Methods

62 PBD, 64 PSZ, and 70 healthy controls (HC) completed a canonical visual change detection task. Participants had to encode the color of four circles and indicate after a short delay whether the color of one of the circles had changed or not. We estimated working memory capacity using Pashler’s K.

Results

Working memory capacity was significantly reduced in both PBD and PSZ compared to HC. We observed a small effect size (r = .202) for the difference between HC and PBD and a medium effect size (r = .370) for the difference between HC and PSZ. Working memory capacity in PSZ was also significantly reduced compared to PBD with a small effect size (r = .201). Thus, PBD showed an intermediate level of impairment.

Conclusions

These findings provide evidence for a gradient of reduced working memory capacity in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, with PSZ showing the strongest degree of impairment. This underscores the importance of disturbed information processing for both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Our results are compatible with the cognitive manifestation of a neurodevelopmental gradient affecting bipolar disorder to a lesser degree than schizophrenia. They also highlight the relevance of visual working memory capacity for the development of both behavior- and brain-based transdiagnostic biomarkers.

Background

Cognitive impairment across a wide range of domains is a central common characteristic of both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (Martínez-Arán et al. 2004; Kahn and Keefe 2013; Vöhringer et al. 2013; Bora and Pantelis 2015; Miskowiak et al. 2018). Consequently, both have been conceptualized as information processing disorders (Kahn and Keefe 2013; Bortolato et al. 2015). This paradigm supports the notion that transdiagnostic comparisons of crucial cognitive constructs are a central element of translational strategies to establish a psychiatric nosology based on the assessment of cognitive dimensions and the brain networks which give rise to them (Cuthbert 2014; Insel 2014). Ultimately, this should lead to the identification of neurobiologically distinct biotypes across diagnostic boundaries (Clementz et al. 2016) and the development of behavioral and brain-based biomarkers (Oertel-Knöchel et al. 2011). Furthermore, it might also facilitate a better understanding of the neurophysiological disturbances underlying impaired information processing and the development of more effective pro-cognitive interventions.

The need for transdiagnostic studies is underscored by the substantial phenomenological and pathophysiological overlap of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (Ivleva et al. 2010; Pearlson 2015). They have the highest amount of shared heritability among neuropsychiatric disorders (Anttila et al. 2018; Lee et al. 2019). Both are also regarded to different degrees as neurodevelopmental disorders (Bortolato et al. 2015; Pearlson 2015), possibly forming a neurodevelopmental continuum (Owen and O’Donovan 2017). This implies that risk factors disturbing brain development and cognition play a larger role in schizophrenia than in bipolar disorder. Interestingly, most studies have reported a gradient of cognitive impairment with patients with schizophrenia generally more affected than patients with bipolar disorder (Goldberg 1999; Schretlen et al. 2007; Ivleva et al. 2010; Lewandowski et al. 2011; Hill et al. 2013; Reilly and Sweeney 2014).

Working memory is universally regarded as a central cognitive domain for transdiagnostic studies of impaired information processing (Insel et al. 2010). It is a crucial determinant of essential cognitive functions such as language comprehension and reasoning (Baddeley 1992), as well as an important mediator of cognitive development and learning (Baddeley and Hitch 1974; Cowan 2014). Working memory dysfunction is a central cognitive deficit in both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (Glahn et al. 2006; Barch and Smith 2008). It has been reported in a large number of behavioral studies in schizophrenia across all stages of illness (Lee and Park 2005; Barch and Smith 2008; Luck and Gold 2008; Fuller et al. 2009; Hahn et al. 2010; Anticevic et al. 2011b; Leonard et al. 2017; Mayer et al. 2018). Working memory impairment has also been demonstrated in bipolar disorder (Adler et al. 2004; Glahn et al. 2006; Thompson et al. 2007; Mayer and Park 2012; Jensen et al. 2016). While working memory deficits appear to be particularly pronounced in manic or depressive phases (Townsend et al. 2010), they persist during euthymic phases of the illness (Xu et al. 2012), at least in a sizable number of patients (Volkert et al. 2015). Direct comparisons between patients with bipolar I (BP-I) and bipolar II (BP-II) disorder indicate overall a similar degree of working memory impairment (Bora et al. 2011; Bora 2018). Additionally, there is evidence for a modestly greater degree of impairment in bipolar patients with a history of psychosis, compared to bipolar patients without a history of psychosis (Bora 2018).

One particularly relevant aspect of working memory is its limited capacity (Cowan 2001), which appears to constitute a core cognitive trait with high intra-individual stability over time (Kane and Engle 2002). Working memory capacity differs considerably between individuals and has strong links to high-level cognitive measures including global fluid intelligence, abstract reasoning, language abilities, mathematics, and overall scholastic performance (Daneman and Carpenter 1980; Cowan et al. 2005; Fukuda et al. 2010; Johnson, McMahon et al. 2013; Cowan 2014; Unsworth et al. 2014). Finding pro-cognitive interventions which increase patients’ working memory capacity should therefore also be a promising way to improve their general level of cognitive functioning (Johnson et al. 2013). Quantifying the degree to which working memory capacity is constrained across the schizo-bipolar spectrum is an important step toward this goal.

Based on the extensive body of work in the field of cognitive neuroscience (Luck and Vogel 2013), visual working memory capacity has been proposed as an especially suitable construct for this purpose (Barch et al. 2012). This is supported by its good construct validity and a number of specific properties. Visual working memory capacity correlates closely with measures of verbal working memory capacity but is less prone to chunking or rehearsal mechanisms (Luck and Vogel 1997; Cowan 2001), which could confound the estimation of pure working memory capacity. It has also been studied extensively using functional neuroimaging (Linden et al. 2003; Todd and Marois 2004; Vogel and Machizawa 2004). Conversely, spatial span paradigms are generally regarded as poorly suited for functional neuroimaging studies (Barch and Smith 2008). Additionally, paradigms assessing visual working memory capacity have good test–retest reliability (Xu et al. 2018; Dai et al. 2019) and have been employed successfully in animal studies (Wright et al. 2010).

Visual working memory capacity has been studied most commonly using change detection paradigms. Here, subjects have to remember one or more features such as color, location or orientation of an array of simple visual items. Subsequently, after a short delay interval they are shown a test array and have to make a judgment, whether the test array is identical or if a single item had changed. Healthy individuals are able to store information of about four objects at one time as integrated features (Luck and Vogel 1997; Wheeler and Treisman 2002). They are able to remember three to four items when required to encode a single feature such as color, or even two features of each item such as color and location. Variations of the ‘canonical’ change detection paradigm have also been implemented (Feuerstahler et al. 2019). In change localization paradigms, subjects need to specify which item has changed. In partial-report change detection paradigms, the change decision during the test array is limited to a single item. In multiple change detection paradigms, more than one item might change during the test array.

Reduced visual working memory capacity has been observed in schizophrenia (Gold et al. 2010; Mayer et al. 2012; Hahn et al. 2018) and in bipolar disorder I with a history of psychosis (Gold et al. 2018). However, to our knowledge, no study has compared visual working memory capacity in cohorts of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (PSZ) and patients with bipolar disorder (PBD) representing the full spectrum of both disorders. The main goal of our study was to assess working memory capacity in PBD of all illness subtypes, as well as PSZ using a canonical change detection paradigm. We expected to observe a gradient of reduced working memory capacity with greater impairment in PSZ than in PBD.

Methods

Participants

We recruited 62 PBD (42 female, mean age 42.05, range: 20—61), and 64 PSZ (26 female, mean age 38.56, range: 20–57, n = 41 with schizophrenia and n = 23 with schizoaffective disorder) from psychiatric outpatient clinics in and around Frankfurt am Main, Germany. We established diagnoses of all patients according to DSM-5 criteria based on a clinical interview and careful chart review at a consensus diagnosis meeting chaired by one of the authors (R.A.B.). We pooled both patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder because long-term diagnostic stability and inter-rater reliability of schizoaffective disorder is relatively poor (Maj et al. 2000).

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess current psychopathology in PSZ (Kay et al. 1987). In order to establish euthymic mood state in PBD, participants were evaluated with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (Young et al. 1978; Montgomery and Åsberg 1979). Participants with YMRS values of ≥ 11 or MADRS values of ≥ 11 were excluded from our analysis.

70 matched healthy control subjects (HC), (44 female, mean age 38.61, range: 21–61) also participated. HC had no reported history of psychiatric illness, as well as no history in first-degree family members. They were recruited from the Frankfurt University campus and surrounding areas, as well as by online and printed advertisements. Current and past symptoms of psychiatric illness were ruled out using the German version of the Structural Clinical Interview SCID-I, from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Version IV (Saß et al. 2003).

All participants reported no history of neurological illness and no drug use (excluding nicotine) within the past six months. All participants ranged in age from 20–61 years old. We matched subjects at the group level by conducting Kruskal–Wallis tests based on age (H(2) = 3.902, p = 0.142), and participants’ years of education (H(2) = 1.254, p = 0.534), as well as parental years of education (H(2) = 0.834, p = 0.659).

We assessed handedness as a continuous variable using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfield 1971). We compared handedness scores between groups using a Kruskal–Wallis test and did not find a significant difference (H(2) = 0.962, p = 0.618).

The German Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Intelligenz Test (MWT-B) (Lehrl et al. 2005) was administered to assess premorbid verbal intelligence.

Further socio-demographic information for all cohorts can be found in Table 1. Prior to signing the informed consent form, participants were informed of its contents by the investigator and what to do in the case of experiencing distress, and how to end participation in the study. The ethics committee of the University Hospital Frankfurt approved all study procedures.Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of all groupsFull size table

Change detection task

We implemented a ‘canonical’ color change detection task (Fig. 1) on a personal computer using Presentation software in Version14.9 (www.neurobs.com). Stimuli were presented on a grey background (RGB values: 191, 191, 191) in a dimly lit room with a viewing distance of approximately 60 cm. Throughout the experiment, a black fixation cross was displayed at the center of the screen. Each trial began with the alert phase, during which the fixation cross turned to red for 500 ms. This was followed by a preparation phase of 500 ms. During the encoding phase a sample array of four colored circles was presented for 200 ms. Each circle had a visual angle of approximately 0.95°. These circles were spaced equally apart on an imaginary circle with 12 possible locations around the black fixation cross covering a visual angle of approximately 5.25°, and the minimum distance between two circles was 0.29°. Each circle had one of seven easily discriminable possible colors with the following RGB values: black (0, 0, 0), red (255, 0, 0), white (255, 255, 255), blue (0, 0, 255), green (0, 255, 0), yellow (255, 255, 0), and magenta (255, 0, 255), with no repetitions of colors within a trial. During the delay phase, the black fixation cross remained on the screen for 1800 ms. A whole-display recognition test array followed, in which participants had a maximum duration of 3000 ms to decide if the test array was identical to the sample array presented in the encoding phase, or if one of the circles had changed color. Half of the trials were change trials (right mouse button), the other half no-change trials (left mouse button). In change trials, a randomly chosen circle changed its color. The total duration of each trial was 6000 ms followed by an inter-trial interval of 3000 ms. All participants received the same instructions prior to the beginning the task, and were asked to perform as accurately as possible, and to keep their eyes fixated constantly on the center of the screen. A total of 60 trials were tested in each participant, which required approximately nine minutes of testing time.

15. Attract Your Dream Career Positive Affirmations

— Present Tense Affirmations —

I am amazing at my job

I am finding my dream job

I am always open to opportunities to acquire my dream job

I always leave people wanting to work with me

I am confident within myself and my abilities to perform my dream job

I am putting out a vibe that I’m a hard worker that others pick up on

I find it easy to network with others

I am worthy of doing a job that I love

I just naturally ace interviews

I naturally attract job opportunities

— Future Tense Affirmations —

I am becoming one step closer each day to landing my dream job

I will attract my dream career

I am finding myself more qualified to do the job I wish

I am turning into someone who is hard working and motivated

I am turning into someone who leaves others wanting to work with me

I will develop the skills needed to achieve my dream job

I will do whatever it takes to get the job I want

I am becoming more confident by the day

I am transforming into a networking machine

I will become open to opportunities to achieve my dream job

— Natural Affirmations —

Others see me as someone who is hard working and competent

I find networking with others easy

I have all the skills I need to get my dream job

Having my dream job is my natural rite

I find it easy too remain calm under pressure

Being confident is the most natural thing in the world

Others are always telling me I should come work with them

People see me as someone who goes after what they want

I deserve to have my dream job

14. Attraction Accelerator Positive Affirmations

— Present Tense Affirmations —

I believe in the law of attraction

The law of attraction works

I have a deep certainty in my ability to use the law of attraction

My subconscious is totally aligned with my conscious mind

I attract that which I think about and believe

I am strengthening my belief in the law of attraction

I know the law of attraction is real

My subconscious mind is completely focused on positive belief

I am using the law of attraction to create my reality

My belief in the law of attraction is unwavering

— Future Tense Affirmations —

I will believe completely in the law of attraction

My subconscious beliefs are coming into alignment with my conscious desires

I will become someone who just knows the law of attraction is real

I am beginning to trust that the law of attraction will work for me

I am reprogramming my mind for complete belief in the law of attraction

The law of attraction is starting to work for me

I am starting to feel the true power of the law of attraction

I will transform into someone who just naturally believes in the law of attraction

My belief in the law of attraction is growing stronger

I am developing an unshakeable conviction in my ability to manifest whatever I think about

— Natural Affirmations —

I have a natural belief in the law of attraction

I find it easy to tap into the power of the law of attraction

There exists a natural harmony between my subconscious and conscious minds

I know I can use the law of attraction, I just have to believe and let it happen

Believing deeply in the law of attraction is just a normal part of who I am

15. Attract Your Dream Career Positive Affirmations

— Present Tense Affirmations —

I am amazing at my job

I am finding my dream job

I am always open to opportunities to acquire my dream job

I always leave people wanting to work with me

I am confident within myself and my abilities to perform my dream job

I am putting out a vibe that I’m a hard worker that others pick up on

I find it easy to network with others

I am worthy of doing a job that I love

I just naturally ace interviews

I naturally attract job opportunities

— Future Tense Affirmations —

I am becoming one step closer each day to landing my dream job

I will attract my dream career

I am finding myself more qualified to do the job I wish

I am turning into someone who is hard working and motivated

job

I will do whatever it takes to get the job I want

I am becoming more confident by the day

I am transforming into a networking machine

I will become open to opportunities to achieve my dream job

— Natural Affirmations —

Others see me as someone who is hard working and competent

I find networking with others easy

I have all the skills I need to get my dream job

Having my dream job is my natural rite

I find it easy too remain calm under pressure

Being confident is the most natural thing in the world

Others are always telling me I should come work with them

People see me as someone who goes after what they want

14. Attraction Accelerator Positive Affirmations

— Present Tense Affirmations —

I believe in the law of attraction

The law of attraction works

I have a deep certainty in my ability to use the law of attraction

My subconscious is totally aligned with my conscious mind

I attract that which I think about and believe

I am strengthening my belief in the law of attraction

I know the law of attraction is real

My subconscious mind is completely focused on positive belief

I am using the law of attraction to create my reality

My belief in the law of attraction is unwavering

— Future Tense Affirmations —

I will believe completely in the law of attraction

My subconscious beliefs are coming into alignment with my conscious desires

I will become someone who just knows the law of attraction is real

I am beginning to trust that the law of attraction will work for me

The law of attraction is starting to work for me

I am starting to feel the true power of the law of attraction

I will transform into someone who just naturally believes in the law of attraction

My belief in the law of attraction is growing stronger

I am developing an unshakeable conviction in my ability to manifest whatever I think about

— Natural Affirmations —

I have a natural belief in the law of attraction

I find it easy to tap into the power of the law of attraction

There exists a natural harmony between my subconscious and conscious minds

I know I can use the law of attraction, I just have to believe and let it happen

Believing deeply in the law of attraction is just a normal part of who I am

I find it easy to think positively even in the deepest most hidden part of my mind

I just naturally believe in the law of attraction

What is bipolar disorder?

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that can cause intense mood swings:

• Sometimes you may feel extremely “up,” elated, irritable, or energized. This is called a manic episode.
• Other times you may feel “down,” sad, indifferent, or hopeless. This is called a depressive episode.
• You may have both manic and depressive symptoms together. This is called a mixed episode.

Along with the mood swings, bipolar disorder causes changes in behavior, energy levels, and activity levels.

Bipolar disorder used to be called other names, including manic depression and manic-depressive disorder.

What are the types of bipolar disorder?

There are three main types of bipolar disorder:

• Bipolar I disorder involves manic episodes that last at least 7 days or manic symptoms so severe that you need immediate hospital care. Depressive episodes are also common. Those often last at least two weeks. This type of bipolar disorder can also involve mixed episodes.
• Bipolar II disorder involves depressive episodes. But instead of full-blown manic episodes, there are episodes of hypomania. Hypomania is a less severe version of mania.
• Cyclothymic disorder, or cyclothymia, also involves hypomanic and depressive symptoms. But they are not as intense or as long-lasting as hypomanic or depressive episodes. The symptoms usually last for at least two years in adults and for one year in children and teenagers.

With any of these types, having four or more episodes of mania or depression in a year is called “rapid cycling.”

What causes bipolar disorder?

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown. Several factors likely play a role in the disorder. They include genetics, brain structure and function, and your environment.

Who is at risk for bipolar disorder?

You are at higher risk for bipolar disorder if you have a close relative who has it. Going through trauma or stressful life events may raise this risk even more.

What are the symptoms of bipolar disorder?

The symptoms of bipolar disorder can vary. But they involve mood swings known as mood episodes:

• The symptoms of a manic episode can include
  • Feeling very up, high, or elated
  • Feeling jumpy or wired, more active than usual
  • Having a very short temper or seeming extremely irritable
  • Having racing thoughts and talking very fast
  • Needing less sleep
  • Feeling like you are unusually important, talented, or powerful
  • Do risky things that show poor judgment, such as eating and drinking too much, spending or giving away a lot of money, or having reckless sex
• The symptoms of a depressive episode can include
  • Feeling very sad, hopeless, or worthless
  • Feeling lonely or isolating yourself from others
  • Talking very slowly, feeling like you have nothing to say, or forgetting a lot
  • Having little energy
  • Sleeping too much
  • Eating too much or too little
  • Lack of interest in your usual activities and being unable to do even simple things
  • Thinking about death or suicide
• The symptoms of a mixed episode include both manic and depressive symptoms together. For example, you may feel very sad, empty, or hopeless, while at the same time feeling extremely energized.

Some people with bipolar disorder may have milder symptoms. For example, you may have hypomania instead of mania. With hypomania, you may feel very good and find that you can get a lot done. You may not feel like anything is wrong. But your family and friends may notice your mood swings and changes in activity levels. They may realize that your behavior is unusual for you. After the hypomania, you might have severe depression.

Your mood episodes may last a week or two or sometimes longer. During an episode, symptoms usually occur every day for most of the day.

How is bipolar disorder diagnosed?

To diagnose bipolar disorder, your health care provider may use many tools:

• A physical exam
• A medical history, which will include asking about your symptoms, lifetime history, experiences, and family history
• Medical tests to rule out other conditions
• A mental health evaluation. Your provider may do the evaluation or may refer you to a mental health specialist to get one.

What are the treatments for bipolar disorder?

Treatment can help many people, including those with the most severe forms of bipolar disorder. The main treatments for bipolar disorder include medicines, psychotherapy, or both:

• Medicines can help control the symptoms of bipolar disorder. You may need to try several different medicines to find which one works best for you. Some people need to take more than one medicine. It’s important to take your medicine consistently. Don’t stop taking it without first talking with your provider. Contact your provider if you have any concerns about side effects from the medicines.
• Psychotherapy (talk therapy) can help you recognize and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. It can give you and your family support, education, skills, and coping strategies. There are several different types of psychotherapy that may help with bipolar disorder.
• Other treatment options include
  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a brain stimulation procedure that can help relieve symptoms. ECT is most often used for severe bipolar disorder that is not getting better with other treatments. It may also be used when someone needs a treatment that will work more quickly than medicines. This might be when a person has a high risk of suicide or is catatonic (unresponsive).
  • Getting regular aerobic exercise may help with depression, anxiety, and trouble sleeping
  • Keeping a life chart can help you and your provider track and treat your bipolar disorder. A life chart is a record of your daily mood symptoms, treatments, sleep patterns, and life events.

Bipolar disorder is a lifelong illness. But long-term, ongoing treatment can help manage your symptoms and enable you to live a healthy, successful life.

NIH: National Institute of Mental Health

12. Improve Visualization Positive Affirmations

— Present Tense Affirmations —

I am improving my visualization skills

I am able to visualize in high detail

I have total control over my visualizations

Sight, sound, taste and smell are all things that I can easily visualize

My mind is clear and focused on visualizing success

I visualize positive change and manifest it into reality

I always visualize in maximum detail

I use visualization to manifest massive success

I easily visualize the feelings and emotions associated with reaching my goals

I use the power of visualization to manifest the life I want

— Future Tense Affirmations —

I will improve my visualization skills

My visualization skills are beginning to improve

I will shape my reality with intensely vivid visualization

I am transforming my mind with the power of visualization

I will use visualization to achieve my goals and live a life of success and abundance

I am transforming into someone who has a natural visualization ability

Each day I visualize in higher and higher detail

My visualizations are becoming stronger and more powerful

I will use visualization to reprogram my subconscious

— Natural Affirmations —

My mind is focused and clear when I visualize

Visualization is just a normal part of my every day life

I naturally visualize in high detail

Colors, sounds, tastes and smells are easy for me to visualize

Visualization strengthens my subconscious and prepares me for success

11. Attract a Holiday Positive Affirmations

— Present Tense Affirmations —

I am attracting a holiday

I am certain that I can attract a holiday

Attracting a holiday is something I know I can do

I am visualizing what it will be like to take a relaxing vacation

My mind is totally focused on attracting a holiday

I am meant to go on a beautiful trip

I am using the law of attraction to manifest a holiday

I believe deeply that I will go on a great holiday

I am using positive thinking to make my dream holiday a reality

A wonderful vacation is being attracted into my life

— Future Tense Affirmations —

I will attract a holiday

Each day I am closer to manifesting a dream vacation

I will attract a wonderful vacation

A relaxing vacation is just around the corner

I am getting closer to going on a great trip

My mind is becoming more focused on manifesting a holiday

I am finding it easier to visualize myself taking an amazing vacation

I will find a way to go on a great vacation, no matter what

I will just naturally attract a holiday

I am turning into someone who is completely focused on taking a dream vacation

— Natural Affirmations —

I fully believe in my ability to attract a holiday

Attracting a holiday is easy for me

I can naturally attract a holiday

I deserve to take a relaxing and refreshing holiday

My mind is totally capable of attracting a great vacation

I can effortlessly visualize myself taking a holiday

I am naturally attracting a holiday

I believe that I will attract a vacation

It is my destiny to go on the vacation of a life time

The law of attraction is manifesting my dream vacation

. Attract a House Positive Affirmations

— Present Tense Affirmations —

I am attracting a house

My mind is fully focused on owning a new home

I am visualizing what it will be like to own my dream house

I am doing whatever it takes to attract a new house into my life

I am using the power of my thoughts to attract a new home

I believe in my ability to attract my dream home

I am destined to have a new house

I am using the law of attraction to manifest a new house

I can see myself in my new house

I am thinking positively and attracting a house

— Future Tense Affirmations —

I will attract a new house

A beautiful house is in my future

My power to manifest is growing stronger each day

My mind is becoming completely focused on manifesting the house of my dreams

I will think positively and bring a new house in to existence

I am changing into someone who will stop at nothing to attain a new house

Each day I find it easier to picture myself in my new home

I can feel my mind beginning to align with the reality of owning my dream home

I will do everything possible to get a new house

I am getting closer to owning a house

— Natural Affirmations —

I am naturally attracting a house

It’s easy for me to visualize myself attracting a house

Manifesting a house is something I will just naturally do

I believe deeply that I am attracting a new home

I find it easy to think positively about owning my new home

I naturally manifest whatever I focus my mind on

I find it easy to focus my mind on attracting a house

Thinking positively is something I just do naturally

I am tapping into the law of attraction to effortlessly attract a new home