What Is Spirituality?

Spirituality is a broad concept with room for many perspectives. In general, it includes a sense of connection to something bigger than ourselves, and it typically involves a search for meaning in life. As such, it is a universal human experience—something that touches us all. People may describe a spiritual experience as sacred or transcendent or simply a deep sense of aliveness and interconnectedness.

Some may find that their spiritual life is intricately linked to their association with a church, temple, mosque, or synagogue. Others may pray or find comfort in a personal relationship with God or a higher power. Still others seek meaning through their connections to nature or art. Like your sense of purpose, your personal definition of spirituality may change throughout your life, adapting to your own experiences and relationships.

Spiritual questions

For many, spirituality is connected to large questions about life and identity, such as:

  • Am I a good person?
  • What is the meaning of my suffering?
  • What is my connection to the world around me?
  • Do things happen for a reason?
  • How can I live my life in the best way possible?

Please share your thoughts on this website so we can improve!

Experts’ definitions of spirituality

  • Christina Puchalski, MD, Director of the George Washington Institute for Spirituality and Health, contends that “spirituality is the aspect of humanity that refers to the way individuals seek and express meaning and purpose and the way they experience their connectedness to the moment, to self, to others, to nature, and to the significant or sacred.”
  • According to Mario Beauregard and Denyse O’Leary, researchers and authors of The Spiritual Brain, “spirituality means any experience that is thought to bring the experiencer into contact with the divine (in other words, not just any experience that feels meaningful).”
  • Nurses Ruth Beckmann Murray and Judith Proctor Zenter write that “the spiritual dimension tries to be in harmony with the universe, and strives for answers about the infinite, and comes into focus when the person faces emotional stress, physical illness, or death.”

Relationship between religion and spirituality

While spirituality may incorporate elements of religion, it is generally a broader concept. Religion and spirituality are not the same thing, nor are they entirely distinct from one another. The best way to understand this is to think of two overlapping circles like this:

Venn diagram of religion and spirituality

  • In spirituality, the questions are: where do I personally find meaning, connection, and value?
  • In religion, the questions are: what is true and right?

Where the circles overlap is the individual experience, which affects the way you think, feel, and behave.

Spirituality versus emotional health

You will notice as you read on that many practices recommended for cultivating spirituality are similar to those recommended for improving emotional wellbeing. This is because there is a connection between the two—emotional and spiritual wellbeing influence one another and overlap, as do all aspects of wellbeing.

Spirituality is about seeking a meaningful connection with something bigger than yourself, which can result in positive emotions, such as peace, awe, contentment, gratitude, and acceptance.

Emotional health is about cultivating a positive state of mind, which can broaden your outlook to recognize and incorporate a connection to something larger than yourself.

Another way of putting it:

It is hard to find meaning and connection in life if you are ruminating over negative emotions. Likewise, it can be difficult to cultivate positive emotions, such as gratitude and compassion, if you don’t recognize a larger perspective or sense of interconnectedness in the world.

Thus, emotions and spirituality are distinct but linked, deeply integrated with one another.

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A Prayer for Walking in Faith

Sovereign God, may I be aware of your presence with me on my daily walk. Others may not see what is happening, but I “walk by faith, not by sight.” Assist me in sending “flash prayers” of your love toward everyone I meet today. Amen.

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DBSA Wellness Tracker

Wellness involves your whole health—emotional and mental, as well as physical. The DBSA Wellness Tracker is a free, innovative, and user-friendly online tool that allows you to keep track of your emotional, mental, and physical health.

Track Key Health Trends

  • Overall mood
  • Well-being
  • Mood disorder symptoms
  • Lifestyle (including sleep, exercise, etc.)
  • Medication (and side effects)
  • Physical health

With the DBSA Wellness Tracker’s monthly reporting feature, you get an at-a-glance summary of your health trends. This valuable information can help you better recognize potential health problems and mood triggers in your daily life. It can also help you better partner with your clinician on treatment plans that address your overall health and well-being.

Stay on track with DBSA Wellness Tracker. It’s easy, takes only a few minutes a day, and, like the other tools in the Facing Us Clubhouse, it’s free.

Start Tracking with Two Simple Steps

  • Register on FacingUs.org to access DBSA Wellness Tracker
  • Login to DBSA Wellness Tracker on FacingUs.org

The Best Bipolar Disorder iPhone and Android Apps of 2015

Download the DBSA Wellness Tracker App!

available on the app store available on the app store

NOTE: If you already have a DBSA Wellness Tracker account, you can sign in and start tracking. If you do not have an account, you can create a new one from the app’s initial screen or by going tohttps://www.facingus.org/account/signup.

Why is registration on FacingUs.org required?
DBSA Wellness Tracker is one of many customizable tools on FacingUs.org. Like the other tools, when you use the DBSA Wellness Tracker, you are recording personal information that is uniquely yours. So, we need a way to retrieve your unique information when you want to access it—like pulling your file out of a filing cabinet. Please be assured that we will not distribute or sell your information to anyone outside of the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance. The only reason we require you to register on FacingUs.org to use DBSA Wellness Tracker is so that you can chart your own personal health information. Once registered, you will also be able to use all of the other features and tools on FacingUs.org.


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Recovery Steps What is Recovery?

Mental health recovery is a journey of healing and transformation enabling a person with a mental health problem to live a meaningful life in a community of his or her choice while striving to achieve his or her full potential.

–SAMSHA (the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration/Center for Mental Health Services) (http://www.samhsa.gov/)

Next Steps in Recovery

Depression and bipolar disorder are mood disorders—real physical illnesses that affect a person’s moods, thoughts, body, energy, and emotions. Both illnesses, especially bipolar disorder, tend to follow a cyclical course, meaning they have ups and downs.

Treatment for these illnesses can also have ups and downs. As much as we may want it to, wellness often does not happen overnight. It is normal to wish you could feel better faster or to worry that you will never feel better. However, know that you can feel better, and that ultimately you are in charge of your recovery. There are many things you can do to help yourself.

Relief of symptoms is only the first step in treating depression or bipolar disorder. Wellness, or recovery, is a return to a life that you care about. Recovery happens when your illness stops getting in the way of your life. You decide what recovery means to you.

You have the right to recover according to your needs and goals. Talk to your health care provider (HCP) about what you need from treatment to reach your recovery. Your HCP can provide the treatment(s) and/or medication(s) that work best for you. Along the way, you have a right to ask questions about the treatments you are getting and choose the treatments you want.

It can also be helpful to work with a therapist, family member, friend, or peer supporters to help define your recovery. Your definition of a meaningful life may change over time.

At times, depression and bipolar disorder might make it seem difficult to set a goal for yourself. It might feel almost impossible to think about the things that you hope for or care about. But goal setting is an important part of wellness, no matter where you are on your path to recovery. Work on what you can when you can.

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Setting Goals

Identifying life goals is the heart of the recovery process. When we see a future for ourselves, we begin to become motivated to do all we can to reach that future. Goals can be big or small, depending on where you are in your recovery journey.

Ask Yourself

  • What motivates me?
  • What interests me?
  • What would I do more if I could?
  • What do I want?
  • What do I care about, or what did I care about before my illness?
  • Where do I want my life to go?
  • What brings me joy?
  • What are my dreams and hopes?

It can help to start small and work up to larger goals. You might want to begin by setting one small goal for yourself at the beginning of each day. As you move forward with your recovery, look at the different areas of your life and think about your short and long term goals.

Possible Short Term Goals

  • Be out of bed by xx:00 am.
  • Finish one household chore.
  • Call a DBSA support group.

Possible Long Term Goals

  • Get training or experience for a job.
  • Change a living situation, e.g., find an apartment.
  • Build a relationship with a friend or family member.

Remember to break your goals down into small steps at first. A goal such as “move to a new city” can be difficult to visualize and plan all at once. Ask yourself what you need to do first. What can you do now that will help you eventually reach this goal? Not only will this help move you closer to your goal, but it will also help give you a positive feeling of accomplishment.

Further Reading:

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What are some things I can do that might help me feel better?

Know the difference between your symptoms and your true self.

Your HCPs can help you separate your true identity from your symptoms by helping you see how your illness affects your behavior. Be open about behaviors you want to change and set goals for making those changes.

Educate your family.

Involve family or friends in treatment when possible. They can help you spot symptoms, track behaviors, and gain perspective. They can also give encouraging feedback and help you make a plan to cope with any future crises.

Work on healthy lifestyle choices.

Recovery is also about a healthy lifestyle, which includes regular sleep, healthy eating, and the avoidance of alcohol, drugs, and risky behavior.

Find the treatment that works for you.

Talk to your HCP about your medications’ effects on you, especially the side effects that bother you. Remember to chart these effects so that you can discuss them fully with your HCP. You might need to take a lower dosage, a higher dosage, or a different medication. You might need to switch your medication time from morning to evening or take medication on a full stomach. There are many options for you and your HCP to try. Side effects can be reduced or eliminated. It is very important to talk to your HCP before you make any changes to your medication or schedule.

Talk with your HCP.

Always talk with your HCP first if you feel like changing your dosage or stopping your medication. Explain what you want to change and why you think it will help you.

Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder

Effective treatments can help you:

  • reach your goals.
  • build on the strengths you have and the things you can do.
  • develop a person-centered wellness plan.
  • live your life without the interference of symptoms.

Treatments can include some or all of these elements: therapy, medications, peer support, and overall lifestyle changes.

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Medications for Depression and Bipolar Disorder

Your HCP might prescribe one or more medications to treat your symptoms. These may include the following:

  • Mood stabilizers: These medications help balance your highs and lows. Some mood stabilizer medications are called anticonvulsants, because they are also used to treat epilepsy.
  • Antidepressants: These medications help lift the symptoms of depression. There are several different classes (types) of antidepressants.
  • Antipsychotics: These medications are primarily used to treat symptoms of mania. Even if you are not hallucinating or having delusions, these medications can help slow racing thoughts to a manageable speed.

Talk Therapy

There are many types of talk therapy that can help you address issues in your life and learn new ways to cope with your illness. Goal setting is an important part of talk therapy.

Talk therapy can also help you to:

  • understand your illness.
  • overcome fears or insecurities.
  • cope with stress.
  • make sense of past traumatic experiences.
  • separate your true personality from the mood swings caused by your illness.
  • identify triggers that may worsen your symptoms.
  • improve relationships with family and friends.
  • establish a stable, dependable routine.
  • develop a plan for coping with crises.
  • understand why things bother you and what you can do about them.
  • end destructive habits such as drinking, using drugs, overspending, or risky sex.
  • address symptoms like changes in eating or sleeping habits, anger, anxiety, irritability, or unpleasant feelings.

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Peer Support

Support from people who understand is another important part of recovery. There are many ways to get this support. DBSA offers support groups, online groups, and wellness tips from peers in the DBSA Facing Us Clubhouse.

Lifestyle

A healthy lifestyle is always important. Even if symptoms of depression or bipolar disorder make things like physical activity, healthy eating, or regular sleep difficult, you can improve your moods by improving your health. Take advantage of the good days you have. On these days, do something healthy for yourself. It might be as simple as taking a short walk, eating a fresh vegetable or fruit, or writing in a journal. A talk about lifestyle changes should be a part of your goal setting with your HCPs.

You have the power to change.You are the most important part of your wellness plan. Your treatment plan will be unique to you. It will follow some basic principles and paths, but you and your HCPs can adapt it to fit you.

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Suicide Prevention

As the 10th leading cause of death in the United States and the second leading cause of death for people aged 15 to 34, suicide is a serious public health problem.

Each year in the United States, more than 40,000 people die by suicide (one every 15 minutes) and 1 million people attempt suicide, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Men are nearly four times more likely than women to take their lives.

Yet, suicide can be preventable. Knowing the risk factors and recognizing the warning signs for suicide can help reduce the suicide rate.


Risk Factors, Warning Signs and Protective Factors

Suicide is linked to mental disorders, particularly depression and alcohol use disorders, and the strongest risk factor for suicide is a previous suicide attempt.

The Suicide Prevention Resource Center defines risk and protective factors and warning signs:

  • Risk factors are characteristics that make it more likely that an individual will consider, attempt or die by suicide.
  • Protective factors are characteristics that make it less likely that individuals will consider, attempt or die by suicide.
  • Warning signs indicate an immediate risk of suicide.

Warning Signs of Suicide

  • Often talking or writing about death, dying, or suicide
  • Making comments about being hopeless, helpless or worthless
  • Expressions of having no reason for living; no sense of purpose in life; saying things like “It would be better if I wasn’t here” or “I want out”
  • Increased alcohol and/or drug misuse
  • Withdrawal from friends, family and community
  • Reckless behavior or more risky activities, seemingly without thinking
  • Dramatic mood changes
  • Talking about feeling trapped or being a burden to others

In some cases, an immediate stressor or sudden catastrophic event, failure or humiliation like a relationship break-up, legal problems, financial problems (e.g., home foreclosure or job loss) can leave people feeling desperate, unable to see a way out, and become a “tipping point” toward suicide.

If someone indicates they are considering suicide, listen and take their concerns seriously. Don’t be afraid to ask questions about their plans. Let them know you care, and they are not alone. Encourage them to seek help immediately from a knowledgeable professional. Don’t leave them alone.

If you need help, please call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255) or go to www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org and Click to Chat


Risk Factors for Suicide

Certain events and circumstances may increase risk.

  • Previous suicide attempt(s)
  • A history of suicide in the family
  • Substance misuse
  • Mood disorders (depression, bipolar disorder)
  • Access to lethal means (e.g., keeping firearms in the home)
  • Losses and other events (for example, the breakup of a relationship or a death, academic failures, legal difficulties, financial difficulties, bullying)
  • History of trauma or abuse
  • Chronic physical illness, including chronic pain
  • Exposure to the suicidal behavior of others

Protective Factors

  • Effective mental health care; easy access to a variety of clinical interventions
  • Strong connections to individuals, family, community and social institutions
  • Problem-solving and conflict resolution skills
  • Contacts with providers (e.g., follow-up phone call from health care professional)

As with mental illness, one of the biggest barriers to preventing suicide is stigma, which prevents many people from seeking help.


Resources


Sources

Suicide Risk Factors, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, and Warning Signs and Risk Factors, American Association of Suicidology, and Understanding Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide: A Primer for preventing Suicide, Suicide Prevention Resource Center

Physician Review By:

Ranna Parekh, M.D., M.P.H.
September 2015

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What Is Psychiatry?

What Is Psychiatry?

Psychiatry is the branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental, emotional and behavioral disorders.

A psychiatrist is a medical doctor (an M.D. or D.O.) who specializes in mental health, including substance use disorders. Psychiatrists are qualified to assess both the mental and physical aspects of psychological problems.

People seek psychiatric help for many reasons. The problems can be sudden, such as a panic attack, frightening hallucinations, thoughts of suicide, or hearing “voices.” Or they may be more long-term, such as feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or anxiousness that never seem to lift or problems functioning, causing everyday life to feel distorted or out of control.


Diagnosing Patients

Because they are physicians, psychiatrists can order or perform a full range of medical laboratory and psychological tests which, combined with discussions with patients, help provide a picture of a patient’s physical and mental state. Their education and clinical training equip them to understand the complex relationship between emotional and other medical illnesses and the relationships with genetics and family history, to evaluate medical and psychological data, to make a diagnosis, and to work with patients to develop treatment plans.

Specific diagnoses are based on criteria established in APA’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-5), which contains descriptions, symptoms and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders.


What Treatments Do Psychiatrists Use?

Psychiatrists use a variety of treatments – including various forms of psychotherapy, medications, psychosocial interventions and other treatments (such as electroconvulsive therapy or ECT), depending on the needs of each patient.

Psychotherapy, sometimes called talk therapy, is a treatment that involves a talking relationship between a therapist and patient. It can be used to treat a broad variety of mental disorders and emotional difficulties. The goal of psychotherapy is to eliminate or control disabling or troubling symptoms so the patient can function better. Depending on the extent of the problem, treatment may take just a few sessions over a week or two or may take many sessions over a period of years. Psychotherapy can be done individually, as a couple, with a family, or in a group.

There are many forms of psychotherapy. There are psychotherapies that help patients change behaviors or thought patterns, psychotherapies that help patients explore the effect of past relationships and experiences on present behaviors, and psychotherapies that are tailored to help solve other problems in specific ways. Cognitive behavior therapy is a goal-oriented therapy focusing on problem solving. Psychoanalysis is an intensive form of individual psychotherapy which requires frequent sessions over several years.

Most medications are used by psychiatrists in much the same way that medications are used to treat high blood pressure or diabetes. After completing thorough evaluations, psychiatrists can prescribe medications to help treat mental disorders. Psychiatric medications can help correct imbalances in brain chemistry that are thought to be involved in some mental disorders. Patients on long-term medication treatment will need to meet with their psychiatrist periodically to monitor the effectiveness of the medication and any potential side effects.

Class of Medications

  • Antidepressants – used to treat depression, panic disorder, PTSD, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, borderline personality disorder and eating disorders.
  • Antipsychotic medications – used to treat psychotic symptoms (delusions and hallucinations), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder.
  • Sedatives and anxiolytics – used to treat anxiety and insomnia.
  • Hypnotics – used to induce and maintain sleep.
  • Mood stabilizers – used to treat bipolar disorder.
  • Stimulants – used to treat ADHD.

Psychiatrists often prescribe medications in combination with psychotherapy.

Other treatments are also sometimes used. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a medical treatment that involves applying electrical currents to the brain, is used most often to treat severe depression that has not responded to other treatments. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are a few of the newer therapies being used to treat some mental disorders. Light therapy is used to treat seasonal depression.


Psychiatric Training

To become a psychiatrist, a person must complete medical school and take a written examination for a state license to practice medicine, and then complete four years of psychiatry residency. The first year of residency training is typically in a hospital working with patients with a wide range of medical illnesses. The psychiatrist-in-training then spends at least three additional years learning the diagnosis and treatment of mental health, including various forms of psychotherapy and the use of psychiatric medications and other treatments. Training takes place in in-patient, out-patient, and emergency room settings.

After completing residency training, most psychiatrists take a voluntary written and oral examination given by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology to become a “board certified” psychiatrist. They must be re-certified every 10 years.

Some psychiatrists also complete additional specialized training after their four years of general psychiatry training. They may become certified in:

  • Child and adolescent psychiatry
  • Geriatric psychiatry
  • Forensic (legal) psychiatry
  • Addiction psychiatry
  • Pain medicine
  • Psychosomatic (mind and body) medicine
  • Sleep medicine

Some psychiatrists choose additional training in psychoanalysis or in psychiatric research.


Where Do Psychiatrists Work?

Psychiatrists work in a variety of settings, including private practices, clinics, general and psychiatric hospitals, university medical centers, community agencies, courts and prisons, nursing homes, industry, government, military settings, rehabilitation programs, emergency rooms, hospice programs, and many other places. About half of the psychiatrists in the U.S. maintain private practices and many psychiatrists work in multiple settings. There are about 45,000 psychiatrists in the U.S.


What Is the Difference Between a Psychiatrist and Psychologist?

A psychiatrist is a medical doctor (completed medical school and residency) with special training in psychiatry. A psychiatrist is able to conduct psychotherapy and prescribe medications and other medical treatments.

A psychologist usually has an advanced degree, most commonly in clinical psychology, and often has extensive training in research or clinical practice. Psychologists treat mental disorders with psychotherapy and some specialize in psychological testing and evaluation.


More Resources

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Why bipolar disorder can take so long to diagnose

People with bipolar disorder may face a long wait from when their symptoms start to the time they get a proper diagnosis.

In fact, a new study reports the average delay is six years.

That lost time can result in greater frequency and severity of episodes of the psychiatric condition, the researchers said.

“While some patients, particularly those who present with psychosis, probably do receive timely treatment, the diagnosis of the early phase of bipolar disorder can be difficult,” study leader Matthew Large, a professor psychiatry at the University of New South Wales, Australia, said in a school news release.

“This is because mental health clinicians are sometimes unable to distinguish the depressed phase of bipolar disorder from other types ofdepression,” he added.

The new research reviewed the results of 27 past studies. Those studies included more than 9,400 patients.

Many patients had distressing and disruptive symptoms for many years before they received proper treatment, the researchers noted.

The delay in diagnosis and treatment was often longer for young patients because symptoms such as moodiness can sometimes be mistaken by parents and doctors as just part of being a teen, the study authors said.

“The diagnosis of bipolar disorder can also be missed because it relies on a detailed life history and corroborative information from careers and family, information that takes time and care to gather,” Large explained.

He recommended that doctors look more closely at a patient’s history of mood symptoms, especially distinct changes in mood and mood swings caused by outside events, such as overseas travel or treatment with antidepressants. He also suggested a closer look at mood symptoms in people who have a family history of the disorder.

A long delay in diagnosis and treatment is “a lost opportunity because the severity and frequency of episodes can be reduced with medication and other interventions,” Large said.

The study was published July 25 in the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry.

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Warning Signs of Mental Illness

Major mental illnesses such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder rarely appear “out of the blue.” Most often family, friends, teachers or individuals themselves begin to recognize small changes or a feeling that “something is not quite right” about their thinking, feelings or behavior before one of these illnesses appears in its full-blown form.

One half of all mental illness begins by age 14 and 75% begins by age 24.

Learning about developing symptoms, or early warning signs, and taking action can help. Early intervention can help reduce the severity of an illness. It may even be possible to delay or prevent a major mental illness altogether.

Signs and Symptoms

If several of the following are occurring, it may useful to follow up with a mental health professional.

  • Withdrawal — Recent social withdrawal and loss of interest in others
  • Drop in functioning — An unusual drop in functioning, at school, work or social activities, such as quitting sports, failing in school or difficulty performing familiar tasks
  • Problems thinking — Problems with concentration, memory or logical thought and speech that are hard to explain
  • Increased sensitivity — Heightened sensitivity to sights, sounds, smells or touch; avoidance of over-stimulating situations
  • Apathy — Loss of initiative or desire to participate in any activity
  • Feeling disconnected — A vague feeling of being disconnected from oneself or one’s surroundings; a sense of unreality
  • Illogical thinking — Unusual or exaggerated beliefs about personal powers to understand meanings or influence events; illogical or “magical” thinking typical of childhood in an adult
  • Nervousness — Fear or suspiciousness of others or a strong nervous feeling
  • Unusual behavior – Odd, uncharacteristic, peculiar behavior
  • Sleep or appetite changes — Dramatic sleep and appetite changes or decline in personal care
  • Mood changes — Rapid or dramatic shifts in feelings

One or two of these symptoms alone can’t predict a mental illness. But if a person is experiencing several at one time and the symptoms are causing serious problems in the ability to study, work or relate to others, he/she should be seen by a mental health professional. People with suicidal thoughts or intent, or thoughts of harming others, need immediate attention.

Taking Action, Getting Help

More than a decade of research around the world has shown that early intervention can often minimize or delay symptoms, prevent hospitalization and improve prognosis. Even if a person does not yet show clear signs of a diagnosable mental illness, these “red flag” early warning symptoms can be frightening and disruptive.

Encourage the person to:

  • Have an evaluation by a mental health or other health care professional.
  • Learn about mental illness, including signs and symptoms.
  • Receive supportive counseling about daily life and strategies for stress management.
  • Be monitored closely for conditions requiring more intensive care.

Each individual’s situation must be assessed carefully and treatment should be individualized. Comprehensive treatment to prevent early symptoms from progressing into serious illness can include ongoing individual and family counseling, vocational and educational support, participation in a multi-family problem-solving group, and medication when appropriate.

Family members are valued partners and should be involved whenever possible. Learning about mental illness and what is happening in the brain can help individuals and families understand the significance of symptoms, how an illness might develop and what can be done to help.

Just as with other medical illnesses, early intervention can make a crucial difference in preventing what could become a serious illness.

Resources

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Helping Students

Typical or Troubled? is a school mental health education program from the APA Foundation. It helps educate school personnel to be able to identify and support students who may need help.

Learn more

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Increasing Understanding, Changing Attitudes

The Change Direction initiative is working to change the culture of mental health in America. It encourages people to know the five signs of emotional suffering and to change the culture around mental health and mental illness.

Learn more

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Creating a Supportive Workplace

ICU (“I See You”) is a mental health program offered to employers at no cost through the APA Foundation’s Partnership for Workplace Mental Health. Through the program, employees learn how to reach out and connect with distressed peers who may need support.

Learn more

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Addressing Depression in the Workplace

Right Direction is a free program for employers aimed at raising awareness about stress and depression in the workplace, demystifying the symptoms and treatments, and giving employees the information they need to get help.

Learn more

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Workplace Accommodations Can Make a Difference for People with Mental Health Challenges

Mental Health Impairments under ADA

Many people with mental health conditions have a right to reasonable accommodations in their workplace. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) gives protections to individuals with disabilities for equal opportunity in public accommodations, employment, transportation, state and local government services, and telecommunications.

The ADA requires that employers provide “reasonable accommodations” to help people with disabilities, including mental health impairments, do their jobs. An individual has a “disability” under the ADA if he or she has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities or has a history of such an impairment. In many circumstances, small, inexpensive accommodations can make a big difference a person’s ability to do their job effectively.

Workplace Accommodations

While many physical impairments and related workplace accommodations may be fairly obvious to others, challenges related to mental health impairments are often not obvious. A range of workplace accommodations are possible depending on the situation and the individual’s needs. A few examples of accommodations for mental health problems are listed below.

  • For difficulties with memory: using written checklists and instructions, using electronic organizers, allowing more training time, providing a mentor for daily guidance.
  • For organization/time management: using daily, weekly, or monthly task lists, dividing larger tasks into smaller assignments, prioritizing tasks, meeting regularly to discuss progress.
  • For stress/emotions: allowing flexible scheduling (breaks, work from home, leave for counseling), allowing the presence of a support animal, encouraging use of stress management techniques.
  • For panic attacks: allowing the employee to take a break, allowing use of relaxations techniques or contact with a support person, removing environmental triggers.

Not all people with mental health conditions will need accommodations to do their jobs and some may only need minimal accommodations or may only need them at certain times.

The Job Accommodation Network (JAN), a service of the U.S. Department of Labor, provides free expert guidance on workplace accommodations and disability employment issues. If you’re interested in exploring possible accommodations, you can review specific ideas for accommodations by disability, by topic or by limitation through JAN’s Searchable Online Accommodation Resource (SOAR) system.

JAN also provides practical information on how to request accommodations from an employer. Additional guidance on requesting accommodations and on the mental health provider’s role is available from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).

APA Resources

For Patients & Families

Learn about common mental disorders, including symptoms, risk factors and treatment options. Find answers to your questions written by leading psychiatrists, stories from people living with mental illness and links to additional resources.

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The Voice Awards: Recognizing Mental Health Champions

Despite much progress in recent years, there is still much public misunderstanding and discrimination surrounding mental illness and addiction. Every year the Voice Awardsprogram honors individuals and television and film professionals who are making a difference in public attitudes and understanding about mental illness and recovery.

SAMHSA Voice Awards

This year’s Voice Awards will be held on Aug. 10 at the University of California, Los Angeles’s (UCLA) Royce Hall at 7:30 p.m. PDT. You can watch the live webcast of the event and join the conversation using#VoiceAwards.

The Voice Awards program is sponsored by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), part of the Department of Health and Human Services and supported by more than 35 Program Partners, including the American Psychiatric Association Foundation. Among the other program Partners are:

The annual awards recognize consumer/peer leaders (people who have received services for a mental and/or substance use disorder) who have

  • Personally demonstrated that recovery is real and possible
  • Led efforts to reduce the discrimination and misperceptions associated with behavioral health conditions
  • Made a positive impact on communities, workplaces, or schools

These are individuals who are helping others by sharing their stories of resilience and recovery.

The awards program also recognizes television and film writers and producers who incorporate dignified, respectful, and accurate portrayals of individuals with behavioral health conditions into their productions and convey a sense of optimism about the possibility of recovery from behavioral health conditions.

This year’s awards will focus on “Strengthening Families through Hope and Help.” The awards will honor family members who have embraced and promoted family support in prevention, treatment, and recovery. Family members are often instrumental in individuals’ recovery process—identifying problems, stepping in to help, advocating for services, and being a support system.

Among those recognized in the 2015 Voice Awards were actors Wayne Brady and Brittany Snow. Snow, who has appeared in numerous television shows and films including “Hairspray” and “Pitch Perfect,” co-founded the Love is Louder program with The Jed Foundation. Love is Louder supports people feeling mistreated, hopeless or alone. Brady, an Emmy award winning talk show host, Broadway star, and Grammy-nominated recording artist, was involved with the #StrongerThanStigma PSA campaign that encourages men to talk about their mental health.

Previous television and film winners have included the series “Elementary,” “Madam Secretary” and “The Newsroom” and films “Silver Linings Playbook” and “Mind/Game: The Unquiet Journey of Chamique Holdsclaw” (documentary).

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